PFAM is an aquatic model used to estimate surface water exposure from the use of pesticides in flooded fields. In comparison to the Tier 1 rice model, PFAM allows for more advanced evaluation of pesticide use on flooded agricultural areas such as rice paddies and cranberry bogs. The advanced capabilities of PFAM include accounting for water and pest management practices and for degradation in soil and aquatic environments, as well as for post processing of discharged paddy waters to a user-defined receiving water.  Although PFAM scenarios were developed mainly for applications of pesticides to rice paddies, in the future additional pesticide scenarios may be developed for other crops.

• Development of a Conceptual Model to Estimate Pesticide Concentrations for Human Health Drinking Water and Guidance on Conducting Ecological Risk Assessments for the Use of Pesticides on Rice (PDF)(112 pp, 3 MB)
• Guidance for Selecting Input Parameters for the Pesticides in Flooded Application Model (PFAM) (PDF)(23 pp, 354 K)
• Metadata for Pesticides in Flooded Applications Model Scenarios for Simulating Pesticide Applications to Rice Paddies (PDF)(31 pp, 558 K)