Regulatory Text: 
         NEW MEXICO ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT BOARD
           P. O. BOX 26110/1190 ST. FRANCIS DRIVE
                 SANTA FE, NM  87502-0110

TITLE 20       ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
CHAPTER 2      AIR QUALITY (STATEWIDE)

PART 14        PARTICULATE EMISSIONS FROM COAL BURNING EQUIPMENT

(Approved by EPA 09/26/97 (62 FR 50518) at 52.1620(c)(66) effective 11/25/97. Dates in brackets within the regulation are State effective dates.)


                       TABLE OF CONTENTS

                 SUBPART I - GENERAL PROVISIONS

100.  Issuing Agency
101.  Scope
102.  Statutory Authority
103.  Duration
104.  Effective Date
105.  Objective
106.  Amendment and Supersession of Prior Regulations
107.  Definitions
108.  Documents
109 - 199.  [Reserved]

               SUBPART II - STANDARD REQUIREMENTS

200.  Emission Limitations - Equipment Less Than or Equal to
        250M Btu/Hour Heat Capacity
201.  Emission Limitations - New Equipment Greater Than
        250M Btu/Hour Heat Capacity
202.  Emission Limitations - Existing Equipment Greater Than
        250M Btu/Hour and Less Than 5000/Btu/Hour Heat Capacity
203.  Emission Limitations - Existing Equipment Equal To or
        Greater Than 5000M Btu/Hour.
204.  Method For Determining Emission Limitations
205.  Petition for Test Method of Emission Limitation for 
        Existing Equipment - Heat Capacity Equal To or Greater 
        Than 5000M Btu/Hour
206 - 299.  [Reserved]
     
             SUBPART III - APPENDIX A (PROCEDURE I)

300.  Introduction
301.  Method
301.A Principle
301.E Apparatus
301.C Reagents
301.D Sampling Procedure
301.E Calibration
301.F Calculations
301.G Acceptable Results
302.  Figure 1 - Sampling Train for Fine Particulate Matter--
      Procedure I
303.  Figure 2 - Arrangement of Impaction Plates and Filter
      Holder on the Andersen Impactor
304.  Figure 3 - Temperature Correction for Aerodynamic Size of
      Particles Captured in the Andersen Impactor
305.  Figure 4 - Aerodynamic Diameter vs Flowrate through Plate
      #4 for the Andersen Impactor (50% Impaction Efficiency)
306 - 399. [Reserved]

             SUBPART IV - APPENDIX B (PROCEDURE II)
                    
400.  Introduction
401.  Method
401.A Principle
401.B Apparatus
401.C Reagents
401.D Sampling Procedure
401.E Calibration
401.F Calculations
401.G Acceptable Results
402.  Figure 1 - Sampling Train for Fine Particulate Matter--
      Procedure II
403.  Figure 2 - Arrangement of Impaction Plates and Filter
      Holder on the Andersen Impactor
404.  Figure 3 - Temperature Correction for Aerodynamic Size
      of Particles Captured in the Andersen Impactor
405.  Figure 4 - Aerodynamic Diameter vs Flowrate through Plate
      #4 of the Andersen Impactor (50%Impaction                   
      Efficiency)


                 SUBPART I - GENERAL PROVISIONS

100. ISSUING AGENCY:  Environmental Improvement Board.  [11-30-95

101. SCOPE:  All geographic areas within the jurisdiction of the Environmental Improvement Board.  [11-30-95

102. STATUTORY AUTHORITY:  Environmental Improvement Act, NMSA 1978, Section 74-1-8(A)(4) and (7), and Air Quality Control Act, NMSA 1978, Sections 74-2-1 et seq., including specifically, Section 74-2-5(A), (B) and (C).  [11-30-95

103. DURATION:  Permanent.  [11-30-95]

104. EFFECTIVE DATE:  November 30, 1995.  [11-30-95]

105. OBJECTIVE:  The objective of this Part is to establish particulate matter emission standards for coal burning equipment.  [11-30-95]

106. AMENDMENT AND SUPERSESSION OF PRIOR REGULATIONS:  This Part amends and supersedes Air Quality Control Regulation ("AQCR") 504 - Particulate Emissions from Coal Burning Equipment last filed June 13, 1978.  [11-30-95]

     A.  All references to AQCR 504 in any other rule shall be construed as a reference to this Part.  [11-30-95]

     B.  The amendment and supersession of AQCR 504 shall not affect any administrative or judicial enforcement action pending on the effective date of such amendment nor the validity of any permit issued pursuant to AQCR 504. [11-30-95]

107.  DEFINITIONS: In addition to the terms defined in Part 2 - Definitions, as used in this Part:  [11-30-95]

     A.   "Commenced" means that an owner or operator has undertaken a continuous program of construction or that an owner or operator has entered into a binding agreement or contractual obligation to undertake and complete, within a reasonable time, a continuous program of construction.  [11-30-95]

     B.   "Construction" means fabrication, erection, or installation of an affected facility.  [11-30-95]

     C.   "Existing coal burning equipment" means coal burning equipment that was fully constructed and operational or under construction prior to September 1, 1971.  [11-30-95]

     D.   "New coal burning equipment" means coal burning equipment the construction of which is commenced after September 1, 1971.  [11-30-95]

     E.   "Part" means an air quality control regulation under Title 20, Chapter 2 of the New Mexico Administrative Code, unless otherwise noted; as adopted or amended by the Board. [11-30-95]

108. DOCUMENTS:     Documents cited in this Part may be viewed at the New Mexico Environment Department, Air Quality Bureau, Harold Runnels Building, 1190 Saint Francis Drive, Santa Fe, NM  87503

109 - 199.  [RESERVED]

               SUBPART II - STANDARD REQUIREMENTS
                                
200. EMISSION LIMITATIONS - EQUIPMENT LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 250M BTU/HOUR HEAT CAPACITY:  The owner or operator of coal burning equipment having a rated heat capacity less than or equal to 250 million British Thermal Units per hour (higher heating value) shall not permit, cause, suffer or allow particulate matter emissions to the atmosphere to exceed the limits set forth in the following table:

          I                             E
Heat Input in Million         Maximum Allowable Emissions for
British Thermal Units Per     Particulate Matter in Pounds per 
Hour (higher heating value)     Million British Thermal Units
                                    Input Per Hour
_____________________             ______________________________

              10                       0.56
              20                       0.48
              30                       0.43
              40                       0.40
              50                       0.38
              70                       0.35
             100                       0.33
             200                       0.28
             250                       0.26

     For values of heat input not specified in the table, maximum allowable emissions shall be calculated by the following formula:

          E = Allowable Particulate Emissions (lbs. per million BTU)
          I = Total Heat Input (in units of million BTU's per hr., higher
              heating value)

          When I equals 1 to 250, E equals 0.996135 times I raised to
          the negative 0.23471 power.

201. EMISSION LIMITATIONS - NEW EQUIPMENT GREATER THAN 250M BTU/HOUR HEAT CAPACITY:  The owner or operator of new coal burning equipment having a rated heat capacity greater than 250 million British Thermal Units per hour (higher heating value) shall not permit, cause, suffer, or allow:

     A.   Particulate matter emissions to the atmosphere in excess of 0.05 pounds per million British Thermal Units of heat input (higher heating value); or

     B.   Fine particulate matter emissions of less than two microns equivalent aerodynamic diameter to the atmosphere in excess of 0.02 pounds per million British Thermal Units of heat input (higher heating value) as determined pursuant to Procedure I for fine particulate sampling from stationary coal burning equipment set forth in Subpart III, Appendix A of this Part or an equivalent method approved by the Department.  [11-30-95]

 202. EMISSION LIMITATIONS - EXISTING EQUIPMENT GREATER THAN 250M BTU/HOUR AND LESS THAN 5000M BTU/HOUR HEAT CAPACITY:   The owner or operator of existing coal burning equipment having a rated heat capacity greater than 250 million British Thermal Units and less than 5000 million British Thermal Units per hour (higher heating value) shall not permit, cause, suffer or allow:

     A.   Particulate matter emissions to the atmosphere in excess of 0.05 pounds per million British Thermal Units of heat input (higher heating value); or

     B. Fine particulate matter emissions of less than two microns equivalent aerodynamic diameter to the atmosphere in excess of 0.04 pounds per million British Thermal Units of heat input (higher heating value) as determined pursuant to Procedure II for fine particulate sampling from stationary coal burning equipment set forth in Subpart IV, Appendix B of this Part or an equivalent method approved by the Department.  [11-30-95]

203. EMISSION LIMITATIONS - EXISTING EQUIPMENT EQUAL TO OR GREATER THAN 5000M BTU/HOUR:     After December 31, 1982, The owner or operator of existing coal burning equipment having a rated heat capacity equal to or greater than 5000 million British Thermal Units per hour (higher heating value) shall not permit, cause, suffer, or allow:

     A. Particulate matter emissions to the atmosphere in excess of 0.05 pounds per million British Thermal Units of heat input (higher heating value); or

     B. Fine particulate matter emissions of less than two microns equivalent aerodynamic diameter to the atmosphere in excess of 0.04 pounds per million British Thermal Units of heat input (higher heating value) as determined pursuant to Procedure II for fine particulate sampling from stationary coal burning equipment set forth in Subpart IV, Appendix B of this Part or an equivalent method approved by the Department.  [11-30-95]

204. METHOD FOR DETERMINING EMISSIONS LIMITATIONS:     Particulate matter emissions governed by Section 200, and Sections 201.A, 202.A, and 203.A, shall be determined by a method consistent with the method set forth by the US EPA at 40 CFR, Part 60, Appendix A, Methods 1 through 5, or any other method receiving prior approval from the Department.  [11-30-95]

205. PETITION FOR TEST METHOD OF EMISSION LIMITATION FOR EXISTING EQUIPMENT - HEAT CAPACITY EQUAL TO OR GREATER THAN 5000M BTU/HOUR

     A.    With regard to existing coal burning equipment having a rated heat capacity greater than 250 million British Thermal Units and less than 5000 million British Thermal Units per hour (higher heating value) or with regard to existing coal burning equipment having a rated heat capacity equal to or greater than 5000 million British Thermal Units per hour (higher heating value) the Department, any other interested person or any person owning or operating existing coal burning.HE equipment of such capacities may petition the Board to amend Section 202.B or 203.B to require all existing coal burning equipment of the capacity specified in Section 202 or 203, whichever is the subject of the petition, to comply with the emission limitation of Section 201.B pursuant to the test method contained therein.  [11-30-95] 

     B.   The Board, after receipt of the petition, shall:

          1.   Notify all persons owning or operating coal burning equipment which are the subject of the petition of the filing of said petition, and the date of the Board's regularly scheduled meeting at which the Board plans to consider the request for hearing;

          2.   Make available for public inspection a copy of the petition at its office; 

          3.   Not less than 30 days nor more than forty-five days after the mailing of the notification provided in Section 205.B.1.  at its regularly scheduled meeting, consider setting the date, time and place of a public hearing on the petition; provided, however, that if any person owning or operating coal burning equipment of the capacities covered by the petition appears before the Board at such meeting and informs the Board that it does not possess sufficient testing information to determine whether its equipment does or does not comply with the emission limitation contained in Subsection 201.A.2. pursuant to the test method specified therein, the Board, if it determines additional testing information is justified, shall specify a period of testing deemed adequate to permit such person to conduct such testing and shall set the date of the public hearing on the petition at its next regularly scheduled meeting following the expiration of such testing period;

          4.   Within five days following the scheduling of the hearing, notify the petitioner and all persons who own or operate the coal burning equipment affected by the petition by certified mail of the date, time and place of the public hearing on the petition;

          5.   Publish notice of the hearing and conduct the hearing according to the procedures set forth in the New Mexico Air Quality Control Act, Section 74-2-6; and

          6.   At the conclusion of the hearing on the petition or at the next Board meeting after transcripts of the hearing are available, if the Board determines that all the equipment regulated pursuant to Sections 202 and 203, whichever was the subject of the hearing, complies with the emission limitation of Section 201.B  pursuant to the test method contained therein, the Board may amend Sections 202.B or 203.B, whichever was the subject of the hearing.  [11-30-95]

205 - 299.  [RESERVED]
                                
             SUBPART III - APPENDIX A (PROCEDURE I)

300. INTRODUCTION:  A method is specified for use in sampling the emissions from stationary coal-burning equipment for particulate matter of less than two microns (2u) equivalent aerodynamic diameter.  This procedure shall be used for testing emissions from coal-burning equipment operating in the State of New Mexico for compliance with Part 14, Particulate Emissions from Coal Burning Equipment, as specified within the regulation.  It is generally intended that sampling for fine particulates, as described below, be carried out only on those stacks (or ducts) which are controlled for gross particulates and which have already been demonstrated to be in compliance with the sections of the regulation for total particulate emissions.  [11-30-95]

301. METHOD

     A.   Principle.     Particulate matter is withdrawn at an approximately isokinetic rate from the source, the large (over 2u) particles separated from the gas stream, and the fine particles collected on a filter.  The weight of the fine particles is determined gravimetrically after removal of uncombined water.  [11-30-95]

     B.   Apparatus

          1.   Sampling Train.     The recommended sampling train is shown schematically in Figure 1.  It is based on the US EPA sampling train described in the Code of Federal Regulations - Title 40, Part 60, Appendix A, Method 5, Section 2.1 (hereinafter referred to as US EPA Method 5.  To the Method 5 train is added a particle separator.  The purpose of the particle separator is to trap essentially all of the particles greater than 2u; to do this, a certain gas flowrate is required through this device as specified in Section 2.2.1.3.  [11-30-95]

          2.   Nozzle.   Stainless steel (type 304 or 316).  [11-30-95]

          3.   Probe.    Pyrex glass, insulated and heated uniformly to a temperature sufficient to prevent condensation from occurring at any point in the tube.  For lengths greater than about 8 feet, a metal tube may be used. Incoloy 825 is preferred, but types 304 or 316 stainless steel are acceptable. Long probes shall be reinforced or supported to prevent excessive droop or gas stream whip.  For sampling stacks carrying electrically charged particles (as for installations using electrostatic precipitators), the probe shall be grounded to prevent electrical shock to personnel and the inner shell of the probe shall be electrically conductive and shall be grounded to prevent size discriminative trapping of particles within the probe.  [11-30-95]

          4.   Particulate Separator and Filter.  The particle separator and filter system shall be housed in a temperature-controlled container. [11-30-95]

               a.   Particle Separator. The particle separator shall be a cascade impactor, such as the Andersen Mark II or Mark III Stack Head, manufactured by 2000 Inc., Atlanta, Georgia, or other if approved by the Department.  The stack head must be modified to use only five of the collection plates arranged in the following order 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 1 (manufacturer's numbers) and a filter holder as specified in Section 301.B.4.b.  The complete arrangement is shown in Figure 2.  The gas flowrate through the stack head must be controlled to maintain a particle impaction efficiency of 50% on plate 4 for particles of 2 microns aerodynamic diameter. The procedure for doing this is described in Section 301.D.3 and 301.D.4. [11-30-95]

               b.   Filter Holder. The filter holder shall immediately follow the last collection plate, as indicated in Figure 2, and contain a filter similar to those specified in Section 301.C.2.  [11-30-95]

          5.   Metering System.  Vacuum gage, leak-free pumps, thermometers capable of measuring to within 3oF., dry test meter with 2 percent accuracy, and related equipment, as required to maintain an approximately isokinetic sampling rate through the probe and specified flowrate through the Andersen Stack Head, and to determine sample volume.  [11-30-95]

          6.   Other Sampling Train Equipment.  Pitot tube (type S, or equivalent), impingers/condensers, and barometer shall be as specified in US EPA Method 5, Section 2.1.  Note that an equivalent condenser may be used in place of the impinger train.  [11-30-95]

          7.   Sample Recovery Accessories.  As specified in Section 2.2 of US EPA Method 5.  [11-30-95]

          8.   Analytical Accessories.  As specified in US EPA Method 5, Section 2.3.  [11-30-95]

     C.   Reagents

          1.   Sampling

          2.   Filters.  Glass fiber type, having high efficiency for collecting small particles (99% or higher efficiency for particles .3 microns or larger in diameter).  Cambridge Media CM-114 or Gelman Type A filters are acceptable types.  [11-30-95]

          3.   Other Sampling Reagents. As specified in US EPA Method 5, Section 3.1.  [11-30-95]
          4.   Sample Recovery and Analytical Reagents.     Acetone and water, as specified in Sections 3.2 and 3.3 of US EPA Method 5.  [11-30-95]

     D.   Sampling Procedure
 
          1.   Selection of Sampling Site and Sampling Points.   The sampling site is preferably located in a vertical duct or stack, at least eight stack diameters downstream and two diameters upstream of a major disturbance (bend, expansion, contraction, or visible flame).  In large ducts (of 20 feet or greater diameter), a distance five diameters downstream of a disturbance will be considered adequate, providing the velocity traverse does not show the flow to be highly irregular.  Under these recommended conditions, a single sampling point is considered to be adequate (See Industrial Gas Cleaning Institute, Test Procedures for Gas Scrubbers, Publication No. 1, p. 6):  This point shall be located between 0.2 and 0.5 of the diameter from the outside toward the center of the stack, preferably at a point whose velocity approximates the average velocity of the flue gases.  For conditions which do not meet the criteria given above, additional sampling points must be considered and will be determined as agreed upon between the coal-burning equipment operator and the Department.  [11-30-95]

          2.   Determination of Stack Pressure, Temperatures, Moisture and Distribution of Velocity Heads. Prior to actual sampling for particulates, a preliminary survey of stack pressure, temperature, moisture content, and velocity distribution shall be made to assess overall sampling conditions and establish isokinetic sampling velocities.  [11-30-95]

               a.   Stack Pressure and Temperature.    Stack pressure shall be obtained at one or more points at the sampling station using a water-filled U-tube manometer to sense pressure from a hole in the side of the stack or duct to within 0.1 in water.  Temperatures shall be determined from a thermocouple (or equivalent device) attached to the pitot tube, capable of measuring to within 1.5% of the minimum absolute stack temperature. [11-30-95]

               b.   Distribution of Velocity Heads.    The US EPA Method 1 (40 CFR, Part 60, Appendix A) shall be used as a general guide in determining the number and distribution of pitot tube traverse points.  US EPA Method 2 (40 CFR, Part 60, Appendix A) shall be used as a guide in selection of pitot tube equipment, procedure for making and recording measurements, and calibration of the instrument.  In calibration, the procedure shall be modified in that the pitot tube to be used in testing shall be mounted on the probe and the probe shall have attached to it a 1/4-inch sampling nozzle so that the arrangement is similar to that used in testing.  A complete velocity traverse shall be done each day of testing.  [11-30-95]

               c.   Moisture Determination.  Moisture content of the gas stream is determined by extracting a measured quantity of gas from the stack, condensing the moisture in an external condenser (or in the impingers), and measuring the volume of condensate.  A single, preliminary measurement shall be made using either the stack sampling train or a simplified apparatus consisting mainly of a filter, condenser, pump, and dry gas meter.  If liquid drops are present in the gas stream, proceed as follows:  Assume the stream to be saturated, determine the average stack gas temperature from the data obtained in Section 301.D.2.a above, and use a psychometric chart with appropriate altitude correction along with steam tables to calculate the approximate percentage of moisture.  A further determination of moisture content is made as a part of the particulate sampling as described below. [11-30-95]

          3.   Preparation of Collection Train.   Check to see that the probe, nozzle, etc., are clean and that there is sufficient ice to fill the ice bath, place 100 ml. of water in the first two impingers, leave the third impinger empty, and place approximately 200 g. of preweighed indicating silica gel in the fourth impinger.  Complete the preparation by desiccating the filter, checking the train for leaks and adjusting the probe heater, generally as specified in US EPA Method 5, Section 4.1.2.  To establish near isokinetic sampling conditions at the start of testing, the desired flowrate through the particle separator is corrected to stack conditions and the desired sample nozzle size is calculated.  To do this record the temperature of the container surrounding the particle separator.  Find this temperature in the abscissa of the graph in Figure 3, go up to the curve and read the correction factor on the ordinate of the graph.  Multiply the correction factor by 2 microns and obtain the temperature corrected aerodynamic diameter.  Locate the corrected aerodynamic diameter on the abscissa of the graph on Figure 4, go up to the curve and read on the ordinate the flowrate needed to maintain an impaction efficiency of 50% on plate #4.  Correct this flowrate to stack conditions by adjusting for the difference in particle separator temperature and stack temperature.  Using the equation Q = VA where Q = volumetric flowrate through the separator adjusted to stack temperature (cfm), V=velocity of the stack gas at the point in the stack where the sampling is to take place (fpm) and A is area of the nozzle (sq. ft.) calculate the desired sampling nozzle diameter. Attach a nozzle to the probe that matches this calculated diameter within 1%. To establish at the start of testing the correct gas flow through the separator, using the dry gas meter, correct the desired flowrate through the separator to meter conditions by correcting for the difference in temperature between the separator and the dry gas meter and subtract out that portion of the gas volume which will be condensed in the impingers.  [11-30-95]

          4.   Particulate Train Operation.  To begin sampling, position the nozzle at the selected point in the stack with the nozzle tip pointing directly into the gas stream.  Immediately after, start the pump and adjust the dry gas meter to the flowrate calculated in Section 301.D.3.   Sample for at least 5 minutes and then record the temperature of the gas on the outlet end of the separator.  If the temperature is different from that of the container surrounding the separator readjust the dry gas meter flowrate by repeating the steps described in Section 301.D.3 using Figures 3 and 4 excluding the step used in calculating nozzle diameter.  Continue the run until 30 standard cubic feet (70oF, 29.92 inches Hg) have been drawn through the sampling train.  For each run record the required data on a sheet such as the one shown in Figure 5-2 of US EPA Method 5 and include the temperature monitored at the outlet of the separator.  Record the data after every 5 minutes of testing.  At the end of the run, turn off the pump and record the final readings.  Remove the probe and nozzle from the stack.  Remove the filter from the separator and place in a container.  Repeat the sampling procedure until three runs have been obtained.  Desiccate the filters for at least 24 hours and weigh to the nearest .5mg in a room where the relative humidity is less than 50%.  [11-30-95]

     E.   Calibration.   Use approved methods and equipment for calibration of the particle separator, orifice meter, pitot tube, temperature sensors and dry test meter.  Recalibrate after every third test or three months whichever comes first except for the particle separator which shall be recalibrated as agreed upon between the owner or operator of the coal burning equipment and the Department.  [11-30-95]

     F.   Calculations.  After completing the test series, average the dry gas meter temperatures and average orifice pressure drops, correct the sample volume measure to standard conditions and calculate the water vapor and moisture content.  Calculate the concentration of particulate matter in the stack gas in pounds per standard cubic foot on a dry basis by using equation 5-5 given in Section 6.6.2 of US EPA Method 5.  Use only the weight of the particulate collected on the filter.  Using the stack volumetric flowrate corrected to standard conditions on a dry basis calculate the emission rate in pounds per hour.  Using the average heat input to the coal burning equipment during the time of testing, in million Btu per hour, calculate the emission rate in pounds per million Btu.  Average the emission rate for the three runs. [11-30-95]

     G.   Acceptable results. Validity of each run shall be determined by calculating the actual flow through the particle separator from the recorded data.  If the flowrate is within 10% of the ideal flow calculated from Figure 4 the run will be considered valid.  Deviations from isokinetic sampling rate shall not invalidate the test.  [11-30-95]

                  INSERT SECTION 302 (FIGURE 1)

            SAMPLING TRAIN FOR FINE PARTICULATE MATTER

                           PROCEDURE I

                  INSERT SECTION 303 (FIGURE 2)
        ARRANGEMENT OF IMPACTION PLATES AND FILTER HOLDER

              IN THE ANDERSEN IMPACTOR, PROCEDURE I

                  INSERT SECTION 304 (FIGURE 3)

 TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FOR AERODYNAMIC SIZE OF PARTICLES CAPTURE

                     IN THE ANDERSEN IMPACTOR


                  INSERT SECTION 305 (FIGURE 4)

    AERODYNAMIC DIAMETER VS. FLOWRATE THROUGH PLACE 44 OF THE 

           ANDERSEN IMPACTOR (50% IMPACTION EFFICIENCY)


             SUBPART IV - APPENDIX B (PROCEDURE II)
                                
400. INTRODUCTION:  A method is specified for use in sampling the emissions from stationary coal burning equipment for particulate matter of less than two microns (2u) equivalent aerodynamic diameter.  This procedure shall be used for testing emissions from coal burning equipment in the State of New Mexico for compliance with Part 14 Particulate Emissions from Coal Burning Equipment, as specified within that regulation.  It is generally intended that sampling for fine particulates, as described below, be carried out only on those stacks (or ducts) which have already been demonstrated to be in compliance with the sections of the regulation for total particulate emissions.  [11-30-95]

401. METHOD

     A.   Principle.     Particulate matter is withdrawn at an approximately isokinetic rate from the source.  The particles are then separated by equivalent aerodynamic diameter by an in-stack size separating device to determine the percentage by mass of particles less than 2 microns equivalent aerodynamic diameter.  This percentage is then applied to the total mass loading in pounds per million British Thermal Units as determined by US EPA Method 5, contained in 40 CFR, Part 60, Appendix A, in order to determine emissions of particulates of less than two micron equivalent aerodynamic diameter in pounds per million British Thermal Units.  [11-30-95]

     B.   Apparatus

          1.   Sampling Train.

               a.   The sampling train for total mass loading is described by the Environmental Protection Agency in 40 CFR, Part 60, Appendix A, Method 5 (hereinafter referred as US EPA Method 5).  The percentage by mass of particles less than two microns equivalent aerodynamic diameter shall be as follows.  [11-30-95]

               b.   The recommended sampling train is shown in Figure 1.  It is based on the sampling train described in US EPA Method 5, Section 2.1, with the addition of an Andersen Mark III in-stack sampler.  The purpose of the in-stack particle collector is to collect the particles and segregate them by aerodynamic size; to do this, a certain gas flowrate is required through this device as specified in Section 401.B.4   [11-30-95]

          2.   Nozzle.   Stainless steel (type 304 or 316).  [11-30-95]

          3.   Probe.    Pyrex glass, insulated and heated uniformly to a temperature sufficient to prevent condensation from occurring at any point in the tube.  For lengths greater than about 8 feet, a metal tube may be used. Incoloy 825 is preferred, but types 304 or 316 stainless steel are acceptable. Long probes shall be reinforced or supported to prevent excessive droop or gas stream whip.  For sampling stacks carrying electrically charged particles (as for installations using electrostatic precipitators), the probe shall be grounded to prevent electrical shock to personnel and the inner shell of the probe shall be electrically conductive and shall be grounded to prevent size discriminative trapping of particles within the probe.  [11-30-95]

          4.   Particulate Separator.   The particle collector shall be heated so that the temperature of the collection plates and back up filter is above the dew point of the stack gases.  [11-30-95]

          5.   Particle Collector. The particle collector shall be a cascade impactor, such as the Andersen Mark III Stack Sampler (Mark III sampler) manufactured by 2000 Inc., Atlanta, Georgia or other similar cascade impactor approved by the Department.  The Mark III Sampler shall use a complete set of collector plates consisting of the following:  Ten plates numbered 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and F, eleven spacers, eight crossbars, eight glass fiber collection discs, one glass fiber filter, and one plate holder. Collector plates are installed as follows; 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, F.  The complete arrangement is shown in Figure 2.  The gas flowrate through the Mark III Sampler must be controlled to maintain a particle impaction efficiency of 50% on plate 4 for particles of 2 microns aerodynamic diameter.  The procedure for doing this is described in Section 401.D.4 and 401.D.5.  [11-30-95]

          6.   Metering System.    Vacuum gage, leak-free pumps, thermometers capable of measuring to within 3oF., dry test meter with 2 percent accuracy, and related equipment, as required to maintain an approximately isokinetic sampling rate through the probe and specified flowrate through the Mark III Sampler, and to determine sample volume.  [11-30-95]

          7.   Other Sampling Train Equipment.    Pitot tube (type S. or equivalent), impingers/condensers, and barometer shall be as specified in US EPA method 5, Section 2.1.  Note that an equivalent condenser may be used in place of the impinger train.  [xx-xx-9

          8.   Sample Recovery Accessories.  As specified in US EPA Method 5, Section 2.2.  [11-30-95]

          9.   Analytical Accessories.  As specified in US EPA Method 5, Section 2.3.  [11-30-95]

     C.   Reagents

          1.   Sampling. Sampling for total particulate mass loading shall be in accordance with US EPA Method 5.  Procedures for determining the percent by mass of particles less than two microns equivalent aerodynamic diameter shall be as follows.  [11-30-95]

          2.   Filters.  Glass fiber type, having high efficiency for collecting small particles (99% or higher efficiency for particles .3 microns or larger in diameter).  Cambridge Media CM-114 or Gelman Type A filters are acceptable types.  [11-30-95]

          3.   Other Sampling Reagents. As specified in US EPA Method 5, Section 3.1.  [11-30-95]

          4.   Sample Recovery and Analytical Reagents.  Acetone and water, as specified in US EPA Method 5, Sections 3.2 and 3.3.  [11-30-95]

     D.   Sampling Procedure

          1.   Procedures.    Sampling procedures for total particulate mass loading shall be in accordance with US EPA Method 5.  Procedures for determining the percent by mass of particles less than two microns equivalent aerodynamic diameter shall be as follows.  [11-30-95]

          2.   Selection of Sampling Site and Sampling Points.   The sampling site is preferably located in a vertical duct or stack, at least eight stack diameters downstream and two diameters upstream of a major disturbance (bend, expansion, contraction or visible flame).  In large ducts (of 20 feet or grater diameter), a distance five diameters downstream of a disturbance will be considered adequate, providing the velocity traverse does not show the flow to be highly irregular.  Under these recommended conditions, a single sampling point is considered to be adequate (See Industrial Gas Cleaning Institute, Test Procedures for Gas Scrubbers, Publication No. 1, p.6):  This point shall be located between 0.2 and 0.5 of the diameter from the outside toward the center of the stack, preferably at a point whose velocity approximates the average velocity of the flue gases.  For conditions which do not meet the criteria given above, additional sampling points must be considered and will be determined as agreed upon between the coal burning equipment operator and the Department.  [11-30-95]

          3.   Determination of Stack, Pressure, Temperatures, Moisture and Distribution of Velocity Heads. Prior to actual sampling for particulates, a preliminary survey of stack pressure, temperatures, moisture content, and velocity distribution shall be made to assess overall sampling conditions and establish isokinetic sampling velocities.  [11-30-95]

               a.   Stack Pressure and Temperature.    Stack pressure shall be obtained at one or more points at the sampling station using a water-filled U-tube manometer to sense pressure from a hole in the side of the stack or duct to within 0.1 in water.  Temperatures shall be determined from a thermocouple (or equivalent device) attached to the pitot tube, capable of measuring to within 1.5% of the minimum absolute stack temperature. [11-30-95]  

               b.   Distribution of Velocity Heads.    The US EPA Method 1 (found in 40 CFR, Part 60, Appendix A) shall be used as a general guide in determining the number and distribution of pitot tube traverse points.  US EPA Method 2, (found in 40 CFR, Part 60, Appendix A) shall be used as a guide in selection of pitot tube equipment, procedure for making and recording measurements, and calibration of the instrument.  In calibration, the procedure shall be modified in that the pitot tube to be used in testing shall be mounted on the probe and the probe shall have attached the Mark III Sampler and nozzle so that the arrangement is similar to that used in testing.  A complete velocity traverse shall be done each day of testing.  [11-30-95]

               c.   Moisture Determination.  Moisture content of the gas stream is determined by extracting a measured quantity of gas from the stack, condensing the moisture in an external condenser (or in the impingers), and measuring the volume of condensate.  A single, preliminary measurement shall be made using either the stack sampling train or a simplified apparatus consisting mainly of a filter, condenser, pump, and dry gas meter.  If liquid drops are present in the gas stream proceed as follows:  Assume the stream to be saturated, determine the average stack gas temperature from the data obtained in Section 401.D.3.a above, and use a psychometric chart with appropriate altitude correction along with steam tables to calculate the approximate percentage of moisture.  A further determination of moisture content is made as a part of the particulate sampling as described below. [11-30-95]

          4.   Preparation of Collection Train.   Check to see that the probe, nozzle, etc., are clean and that there is sufficient ice to fill the ice bath, place 100 ml. of water in the first two impingers, leave the third impinger empty, and place approximately 200 g. of preweighed indicating silica gel in the fourth impinger.  Complete the preparation by desiccating the filter, checking the train for leaks and adjusting the probe heater, generally as specified in the US EPA Method 5, Section 4.1.2.  To establish near isokinetic sampling conditions at the start of testing, the desired flowrate through the particle separator is corrected to stack conditions and the desired sample nozzle size is calculated.  To do this record the temperature of the in-stack Mark III Sampler.  Find this temperature in the abscissa of the graph on Figure 3, go up to the curve and read the correction factor on the ordinate of the graph.  Multiply the correction factor by two microns and obtain the temperature corrected aerodynamic diameter.  Locate the corrected aerodynamic diameter on the abscissa of the graph on Figure 4, go up to the curve and read on the ordinate the flowrate needed to maintain an impaction efficiency of 50% on plate #4.  Correct this flowrate to stack conditions by adjusting for the difference in particle separator temperature and stack temperature.  Using the equation Q = VA where Q = volumetric flowrate through the separator adjusted to stack temperature (cfm), V = velocity of the stack gas at the point in the stack where the sampling is to take place (fpm) and A is area of the nozzle (sq. ft.) calculate the desired sampling nozzle diameter.  Attach a nozzle to the probe that matches this calculated diameter within 1%.  To establish at the start of testing the correct gas flow through the separator, using the dry gas meter, correct the desired flowrate through the separator to meter conditions by correcting for the difference in temperature between the separator and the dry gas meter and subtract out that portion of the gas volume which will be condensed in the impingers.  [11-30-95]

          5.   Particulate Train Operation.  To begin sampling, position the nozzle at the selected point in the stack with the nozzle tip pointing directly into the gas stream.  Immediately after, start the pump and adjust the dry gas meter to the flowrate calculated in Section 401.D.4.  Sample for at least 5 minutes and then record the temperature of the gas on the outlet end of the separator.  If the temperature is different from that of the container surrounding the separator readjust the dry gas meter flowrate by repeating the steps described in Section 401.D.4 using Figures 3 and 4 excluding the step used in calculating nozzle diameter.  Continue the run until 30 standard cubic feet (70oF, 29.92 inches Hg) have been drawn through the sampling train.  For each run record the required data on a sheet such as the one shown in Figure 5-2 of the US EPA Method 5 and include the temperature monitored at the outlet of the separator.  Record the data after every 5 minutes of testing.  At the end of the run, turn off the pump and record the final readings.  Remove the probe and nozzle from the stack.  Remove the filter and glass fiber collection discs from the separator and place each in a separate container.  Collect in a container all particles brushed and washed from the nozzle, the impactor inlet cone and the zero stage plate.  Repeat the sampling procedure until three runs have been obtained.  Filter wash-solution and dry filter.  Desiccate the filters and collection discs for at least 24 hours and weigh to the nearest .5mg in a room where the relative humidity is less than 50%.  [11-30-95]

     E.   Calibration.   Use methods and equipment for calibration of the particle separator, orifice meter, pitot tube, temperature sensors and dry test meter approved by the Department.  Recalibrate after every third test or three months whichever comes first except for the particle separator which shall be recalibrated as agreed upon between the owner or operator of the coal burning equipment and the Department.  Figures 3 and 4 shall reflect results of such calibration.  [11-30-95]

     F.   Calculations 

          1.   Total Particulate Emissions.  After completing the test series, average the dry gas meter temperatures and average orifice pressure drops, then correct the sample volumes measured to standard conditions and calculate the water vapor and moisture content.  Using data gathered, using US EPA Method 5, calculate the concentration of total particulate matter in the stack gas in pounds per standard cubic foot on a dry basis by using equation 5-5 given in Section 6.6.2 of US EPA Method 5.  Using the stack volumetric flowrate corrected to standard conditions on a dry basis calculate the emission rate in pounds per hour.  Using the average heat input to the coal burning equipment during the time of testing, in millions of British Thermal Units per hour, calculate the emission rate in pounds per million British Thermal Units.  Average the emission rate for the three runs to determine total particulate emissions.  [11-30-95]

          2.   Percent of Particles Less Than Two Microns.  The data obtained from the Mark III Sampling shall be used to determine the quantity of particulate matter larger than two microns Equivalent Aerodynamic Diameter and the quantity of particulate matter less than two microns Equivalent Aerodynamic Diameter.  Particulate matter larger than two microns equivalent aerodynamic diameter shall be defined to be the particulate matter collected on the glass fiber collection discs from plates numbered 1, 2, 3, and 4 and the material brushed and washed from the nozzle, the impactor inlet cone and the zero stage plate.  Particulate matter less than two microns equivalent aerodynamic diameter shall be defined to be the particulate material collected on the glass fiber collection discs from plates numbered 5, 6, 7 and 8 and the particulate matter collected on the glass fiber filter.  The sum of the mass' of the particulates which are greater than two microns Equivalent Aerodynamic Diameter and the particles less than two microns equivalent aerodynamic diameter is the total particulate collected for the purposes of determining percent less than two microns.  After determining the quantity of particulate collected, determine the percent by mass of the total particulate collected which is compassed of particles of less than two microns equivalent aerodynamic diameter.  [11-30-95]

          3.   Loading of Particles Less Than Two Microns.  The percentage by mass of particles as determined from the Mark III sampling results as described in the previous paragraph is applied to the total mass loading in pounds per million British Thermal Units as determined by US EPA Method 5. The resulting loading in pounds per million British Thermal Units of particulates less than two microns equivalent aerodynamic diameter shall be used to determine compliance with the particulate emission limitations contained in Part 14, Sections 202.B or 203.B.   [11-30-95]

      G.   Acceptable results. Validity of each run shall be determined by calculating the actual flow through the particle separator from the recorded data.  If the flowrate is within 10% of the calculated flow from Figure 4, the run will be considered valid.  Deviations from isokinetic sampling rate by more than 10% shall invalidate the test.  [11-30-95]


INSERT SECTION 402 (FIGURE 1):  SAMPLING TRAIN FOR FINE PARTICULATE MATTER.  
                                

INSERT SECTION 403 (FIGURE 2):  ARRANGEMENT OF IMPACTION PLATES AND FILTER IN THE ANDERSEN IMPACTOR, PROCEDURE II


INSERT SECTION 404 (FIGURE 3):  SAMPLE GRAPH OF TEMPERATURE CORRECTION FOR AERODYNAMIC SIZE OF PARTICLES CAPTURED IN THE ANDERSEN IMPACTOR

                                
INSERT SECTION 405 (FIGURE 4).  SAMPLE GRAPH OF AERODYNAMIC DIAMETER VS. FLOWRATE THROUGH PLATE #4 OF THE ANDERSEN IMPACTOR (50% IMPACTION EFFICIENCY)