This document summarizes the process which utilized EPA's laboratory engine and chassis dynamometer test data to generate a full engine fuel consumption map for the Ford EcoBoost downsized turbocharged 1.6L engine from the 2013 Ford Escape tested on Tier 2 fuel. The generated full engine map defines the complete operating boundaries of the engine which are needed for ALPHA modeling including idle, WOT, minimum torque, and maximum speed.
SUGGESTED CITATION:
2013 Ford 1.6L EcoBoost Engine Tier 2 Fuel - ALPHA Map Package. Version 2018-10. Ann Arbor MI: US EPA National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory, National Center for Advanced Technology, 2018.
Engine Physical Characteristics
Set physical characteristics based on published information: 2013 Ford Escape. (n.d.). Retrieved August 11, 2012, from http://www.ford.com/suvs/escape/specifications/engine/.
engine.name = '2013 Ford 1.6L EcoBoost Engine Tier 2 Fuel';
engine.combustion_type = enum_engine_combustion_type.spark_ignition;
engine.displacement_L = 1.596;
engine.num_cylinders = 4;
engine.bore_mm = 79.0;
engine.stroke_mm = 81.4;
Test Data
Import EPA engine dynamameter test data from: "2013 Ford 1.6L EcoBoost Engine Tier 2 Fuel - Test Data Package. Version 2018-10. Ann Arbor, MI: US EPA, National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory, National Center for Advanced Technology, 2018."
test_data = readtable2( '4- 2013 Ford 1.6L EcoBoost Engine Tier 2 Fuel - Test Data.xlsx','Sheet','Steady State','VariableNamesRange',4,'VariableUnitsRange',5,'DataRange',6); ss_test_data.name = 'Steady State Test Data'; ss_test_data.speed_rpm = test_data.Speed; ss_test_data.torque_Nm = test_data.Torque; ss_test_data.fuel_gps = test_data.FuelMeterFlow; ss_test_data.manifold_press_kPaA = test_data.IntakeManifoldPress; test_data = readtable2( '4- 2013 Ford 1.6L EcoBoost Engine Tier 2 Fuel - Test Data.xlsx','Sheet','High Load Initial','VariableNamesRange',4,'VariableUnitsRange',5,'DataRange',6); hl_test_data.name = 'High Load Test Data'; hl_test_data.speed_rpm = test_data.Speed; hl_test_data.torque_Nm = test_data.Torque; hl_test_data.fuel_gps = test_data.InjectorFuelFlow;
Additional Fueling Data
Add estimated fueling points to approximate the high power portion of the map which were not available in the test data.
est_data.name = 'Estimated High Load Points';
est_data.speed_rpm = [ 3500, 5000, 5000, 5000];
est_data.torque_Nm = [ 235, 220, 20, 145];
est_data.bsfc_gpkWhr = [ 285, 360, 575, 285];
Maximum Torque (WOT) Curve Data
Estimate curve from rated torque and power points from: 2013 Ford Escape. (n.d.). Retrieved August 11, 2012, from http://www.ford.com/suvs/escape/specifications/engine/.
WOT_data.speed_rpm = [ 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 2700, 3700, 4700, 5700]'; WOT_data.torque_Nm = [ 132, 200, 240, 250, 250, 246, 237, 223]';
Minimum Torque (Zero Accelerator Pedal) Curve Data
Use zero pedal test data points provided in the Engine Test Data package referenced above; no additional inputs are necessary.
Fuel Properties
Load fuel properties provided in the FTAG report identified in the Engine Test Data package referenced above.
%Load from fuel database engine.fuel = class_REVS_fuel('FTAG 25278'); disp(engine.fuel);
class_REVS_fuel with properties:
id: 'FTAG 25278'
description: 'Tier 2 Cert'
density_kgpL_15C: 0.74245
energy_density_MJpkg: 42.908
carbon_weight_fraction: 0.8664
research_octane_number: 96.6
motor_octane_number: 88.9
alcohol_pct_vol: 0
gCO2pgal: 8922.3
energy_density_BTUplbm: 18447
specific_gravity: 0.74316
Idle Speed
Set idle speed using EPA chassis dynamometer test data for the 2013 Ford Escape; EPA published report pending.
engine.idle_speed_radps = class_REVS_dynamic_lookup;
engine.idle_speed_radps.axis_1.signal = 'veh_spd_mps';
engine.idle_speed_radps.axis_1.breakpoints = [0,10,20];
engine.idle_speed_radps.table = [685,685,700] * convert.rpm2radps;
Engine Build for Simulation in ALPHA
Construct the ALPHA engine, combining all of the above inputs. Fit the fueling data onto a grid for simple interpolation and establish points that represent the maximum and minimum engine torque versus speed. Confirm the quality of fit between the input data and the resulting engine description by examining the resulting plots.
engine = REVS_build_engine(engine, {ss_test_data, hl_test_data, est_data} ,'WOT',WOT_data, 'plot_bsfc','plot_efficiency');
Idle Fuel Verification
Confirm appropriate fuel consumption near idle conditions.
REVS_check_idle_fuel(engine)
Estimated idle fuel consumption @ 685 RPM & 28.1 Nm: 0.209 g/sec => Indicated Efficiency: 32.9%
Fuel Map Linearity
Confirm expected trends in output fuel map, specifically in regions where test data is unavailable.
REVS_plot_engine_fuel_linearity(engine)
Model Calibration Options
Calibrate additional properties of the ALPHA engine model which can be set to match observed behaviors during the validation process.
Note: Default values are used unless properties are specified below, which are derived from the composite set of EPA testing and model validation activities.
Accelerator Pedal Mapping
Set pedal mapping type to map engine power to increase linearly with accelerator pedal position.
engine.pedal_map_type = enum_engine_pedal_map_type.max_engine_power;
File Description
Generate and write the created ALPHA engine definition into a file for later simulation.
write_REVS_engine('engine_2013_Ford_EcoBoost_1L6_Tier2.m', engine);
Engine Build: engine_2013_Ford_EcoBoost_1L6_Tier2.m
% ALPHA ENGINE DEFINITION % Generated 22-Oct-2018 12:48:05 % Constructor engine = class_REVS_engine(); engine.name = '2013 Ford 1.6L EcoBoost Engine Tier 2 Fuel'; engine.source_filename = mfilename;engine.matrix_vintage = enum_matrix_vintage.present; % Physical Description engine.displacement_L = 1.596; engine.num_cylinders = 4; engine.combustion_type = enum_engine_combustion_type.spark_ignition; engine.bore_mm = 79; engine.stroke_mm = 81.4; % Maximum Torque Curve engine.full_throttle_speed_radps = [ 0.00000000000000000 ; 104.71975511965977 ; 157.07963267948966 ; 209.34699084401964 ; 261.79938779914943 ; 387.46309394274112 ; 492.18284906240092 ; 596.90260418206071 ; 626.74773439116382 ; 656.59286460026681 ]; engine.full_throttle_torque_Nm = [ 0.00000000000000000 ; 132.00000000000000 ; 200.00000000000000 ; 243.29553398058243 ; 250.00000000000000 ; 246.00000000000000 ; 237.00000000000000 ; 223.00000000000000 ; 191.14285714285714 ; 0.00000000000000000 ]; engine.naturally_aspirated_speed_radps = [ 0.00000000000000000 ; 157.15747577165220 ; 209.54028521143078 ; 235.72391616090977 ; 314.17244772815320 ; 418.89158684925337 ; 656.59286460026681 ]; engine.naturally_aspirated_torque_Nm = [ 78.716700122779727 ; 113.57129079014379 ; 119.97441205454714 ; 121.37409995343515 ; 119.68852026170057 ; 107.40620345523797 ; 101.51512738613449 ]; % Minimum Torque Curve engine.closed_throttle_speed_radps = [ 0.00000000000000000 ; 104.82447487477943 ; 287.97932657906438 ; 314.05454560385965 ; 366.51914291880917 ; 471.34361779358858 ; 656.59286460026681 ]; engine.closed_throttle_torque_Nm = [ -12.951259999999998 ; -13.119999999999999 ; -17.590000000000000 ; -17.620000000000001 ; -13.410000000000000 ; -13.710000000000001 ; -14.008202857142859 ]; % Fuel Map engine.fuel_map_speed_radps = [ 0.00000000000000000 ; 52.412237437389727 ; 104.82447487477945 ; 120.53243814272838 ; 136.24040141067735 ; 157.15747577165220 ; 183.36167322064625 ; 209.54028521143078 ; 235.72391616090977 ; 261.80677278188011 ; 287.98275148886364 ; 314.17244772815320 ; 340.44315259952123 ; 366.52630842757856 ; 392.69908169872417 ; 418.89158684925337 ; 471.33535044450014 ; 523.59877559829886 ; 590.09582009928283 ; 656.59286460026681 ]; engine.fuel_map_torque_Nm = [ -18.501000000000001 ; -14.703437500000000 ; -6.6077777777777786 ; 3.7983333333333338 ; 20.354838709677416 ; 34.722857142857144 ; 44.099090909090911 ; 57.951666666666668 ; 66.469999999999999 ; 71.567499999999995 ; 87.105185185185178 ; 100.58272727272728 ; 108.45083333333334 ; 116.63499999999999 ; 129.06725000000000 ; 141.17928571428570 ; 155.59583333333330 ; 166.65400000000000 ; 181.99250000000001 ; 197.05437096774193 ; 207.45833333333331 ; 216.85821213836741 ; 225.85797565122704 ; 234.85773916408664 ; 243.29553398058243 ; 252.89776699029122 ; 262.50000000000000 ]; engine.fuel_map_gps = [ 0.011651203437748520 0.083499933113990704 0.16065895578235201 0.18293422096050971 0.20540852587193645 0.23681408207393012 0.28075907480482337 0.32676695707022174 0.36615274403365372 0.39943580842379167 0.43570124588537545 0.47883078130355794 0.52770936704924776 0.56622880009218268 0.59859308887437046 0.62893456798166181 0.66473941952586291 0.63662001114545819 0.69049966735046020 0.79372067486513154 ; 0.013792681229584505 0.083499782550736132 0.15679822893253550 0.17770847389825706 0.19852239025421869 0.22771970727575050 0.26971770731198619 0.31427138997618043 0.35258973719585907 0.38424845665257579 0.41663982477917016 0.46000245340625578 0.51704647949651217 0.55741679561451152 0.58844764247438974 0.61862910129768833 0.67255480859222005 0.71726755218908822 0.81784706752627279 0.94058147622746913 ; 0.018262352247307764 0.083811274889828383 0.14750492405165022 0.16603726743877795 0.18454010618918282 0.21000333319841238 0.24822753817495577 0.28948664717229633 0.32707193184102196 0.35878075577747554 0.38327559972915765 0.42382328698797023 0.48873153894945359 0.53848093328414282 0.56905749055485078 0.59601236328510532 0.68670887193593988 0.89178079017925171 1.0892312914748432 1.2533173401176461 ; 0.022648377895178130 0.089103112949457039 0.14473813091135845 0.16648990940323716 0.18809337799122144 0.21694910972033493 0.25872230663207613 0.30642434366401938 0.35132620287346916 0.39799620013098563 0.43552998415158456 0.47720888849689702 0.53040109988449868 0.57874292430011676 0.63088645247865816 0.68953092578086395 0.83886984993288749 1.1471405659301299 1.4366539553540223 1.6509481356754321 ; 0.021382479249115044 0.13143870057312054 0.24145872577534827 0.27655091017116035 0.30942331114685850 0.35073056581433010 0.40817572021825116 0.47462807596842654 0.54123266056356256 0.60635008732918749 0.67635937509900323 0.74999734823808617 0.82672024509350972 0.90470822031519593 0.99447864612150461 1.0876525840232032 1.2883144631212438 1.6686060464860328 1.9823691006605508 2.2612420818190415 ; 0.014423877591156847 0.18034963396913584 0.34478596303591114 0.38455970319811150 0.42465127758196208 0.48253356391095886 0.56471997006100361 0.65324839286919845 0.74197525543264742 0.83195022621312742 0.92525172906231545 1.0233655488929969 1.1247220848899047 1.2276264776126034 1.3353776597869695 1.4521721928804132 1.7141648855243377 2.0555224219176473 2.4359200299625554 2.7788216050751875 ; 0.0088254893255818225 0.20280309069054275 0.38965617856274498 0.44195611063932716 0.49567846929660409 0.57117493184341761 0.67167009636636343 0.77249662453751833 0.87463255087234304 0.98128336320322851 1.0909780361698909 1.2043848866778775 1.3206654794111758 1.4401716906981621 1.5645155624323148 1.7008130529026915 1.9943203787525445 2.3267433091207992 2.7375968576736747 3.1206775510286855 ; 0.00059571745261831495 0.23045758404522182 0.45788843976448090 0.53094471958245804 0.60466565822291751 0.70362396531256521 0.82791405192253553 0.95134519024911035 1.0750599083163228 1.2024542428856491 1.3332999426525747 1.4670222183930068 1.6079524197241564 1.7575328343046863 1.9178452384571616 2.0825865046150107 2.4131892821018042 2.7580415698851724 3.2029038749974084 3.6437818065120728 ; 0.00000000000000000 0.25460342328928670 0.51334306678408759 0.59404959829990345 0.67548085047635520 0.78526368874758434 0.92113026713046087 1.0576096851763783 1.1955354374701246 1.3357712060934579 1.4782365250252083 1.6250798025207775 1.7828448571301658 1.9522955997359797 2.1306132902169019 2.3126014636814491 2.6740036072243423 3.0337043125999537 3.5061384527120465 3.9886846399936999 ; 0.00000000000000000 0.27058782733040448 0.54862600177499443 0.63215327645540187 0.71697171030142159 0.83211834383804839 0.97605561671032071 1.1206136981355090 1.2673875098852838 1.4157906533003768 1.5656184187889592 1.7193644038363622 1.8879730472872018 2.0672566085138042 2.2544101170701625 2.4439302277722779 2.8279918005576468 3.1997832340555044 3.6919970055222699 4.2020450219717587 ; 0.0083951733986433585 0.32713345762393520 0.65235752139486203 0.74717559855170357 0.84292313708128885 0.97332757662521630 1.1388778572437268 1.3078266574716029 1.4815655151013010 1.6588894281848179 1.8351234034581230 2.0150318676802184 2.2057763839741273 2.4007735461510693 2.6033883444210186 2.8185905454140023 3.2771198772943229 3.7106077362396266 4.2919384605120046 4.9082131754768241 ; 0.038354547915362150 0.38194673731041318 0.73185048367948846 0.83946575608656304 0.94807180785577316 1.0942666207316378 1.2802757177794253 1.4694817761167795 1.6613739990280603 1.8574978488940888 2.0575136740318380 2.2612572261687771 2.4691897791318471 2.6868891245831219 2.9113866798365264 3.1464118822887683 3.6433841888425427 4.1631292546913476 4.8866986869720881 5.6483784344497261 ; 0.062541362705429066 0.42045180282007877 0.78611270970460378 0.89935077244408634 1.0134027328679551 1.1669173251664895 1.3626075966121005 1.5616148072406202 1.7651441256228921 1.9734341375873692 2.1840641266741088 2.3989282748268206 2.6226372544114716 2.8495174286143627 3.0851939113478077 3.3306768138261260 3.8523416979193956 4.4392882958773061 5.2645921808466696 6.1268510829115908 ; 0.091179661903871084 0.46531441293166004 0.84746875220456674 0.96597780946469192 1.0853618040960762 1.2456583653542022 1.4507008220404962 1.6593327047551909 1.8737552519230971 2.0928948973702335 2.3161533251429032 2.5426046761076515 2.7809614110266478 3.0195717231914254 3.2681340446136971 3.5263818571458563 4.0715597864343334 4.7386764989114409 5.6781267197959551 6.6528859676805379 ; 0.14081846763305822 0.54569700743299610 0.95479683782397973 1.0804465313444418 1.2069320404437087 1.3758798807706951 1.5939135878014887 1.8179177570834366 2.0474030406790535 2.2802025418582716 2.5221270226005350 2.7664511665287543 3.0204529444154331 3.2847297402117506 3.5530087271300248 3.8376855525449116 4.4238831276561745 5.2379368687579344 6.3621826730610742 7.5232079355574522 ; 0.18922070541366029 0.63550319465945004 1.0774422585022880 1.2092878309871529 1.3411394139810893 1.5176120764801102 1.7491963078188568 1.9895853969402355 2.2327322618811642 2.4792703868830097 2.7329698886674252 2.9933875434633412 3.2666463112469373 3.5452063294262146 3.8327919275352360 4.1283626682283252 4.7944692624281151 5.8006939102709509 7.1091856718315221 8.4648478640162157 ; 0.23332427598918529 0.74313669165296337 1.2377114988542779 1.3809790847337413 1.5226775354826740 1.7061349070225658 1.9460158667195901 2.1966046690110472 2.4578834678477475 2.7293478068216346 3.0094910575963274 3.2885790928564811 3.5930762916891590 3.8954147812012798 4.2100767944985051 4.5314331790250977 5.3031773615119882 6.5213846187567963 8.1076326160390888 9.7024857848649582 ; 0.24803712022757390 0.81171131986020595 1.3543002271310345 1.5059804510667119 1.6550054772420597 1.8497968772489419 2.1089815718685481 2.3701671011434873 2.6317872282496189 2.9210903535319441 3.2142072302091740 3.5166063258023996 3.8527966693718878 4.2059100142026971 4.5795512067353368 4.9678526287905580 5.9249342606035880 7.2017812412058868 8.9582606717112405 10.715291592200684 ; 0.23650180250129713 0.87367485964460290 1.5072825570619315 1.6958175059767844 1.8835814360889607 2.1299238789686687 2.4187025052413400 2.6403312201888380 2.9053113899532810 3.2333133704250008 3.5580226422722681 3.8957417903032128 4.2787069929555379 4.7215606086480051 5.2818282932826603 5.8950668767174230 7.0119591927814353 8.3521695397028459 10.267574115130783 12.191156820707368 ; 0.19592235712312103 0.90813102828514913 1.6258319945767652 1.8456071182051630 2.0671977475525294 2.3689776154530531 2.7769662748850297 3.0131996085295412 3.2916438691384302 3.6360435662514554 4.0181838467191744 4.4297519275691091 4.8758217343055872 5.3783134749159851 5.9394592325870468 6.5660234006813791 8.0203240350030089 9.6211748672246031 11.671576129693555 13.690251491765968 ; 0.16109144714607740 0.92864391312014083 1.7048308249205018 1.9445790938019525 2.1865796715083867 2.5131659931738080 2.9224859352478312 3.2829752588315211 3.6305047223338662 4.0502217017993303 4.4443388687749232 4.7911534979995398 5.2018841536484182 5.7118524216766877 6.3310686889176218 7.0327622639680838 8.6940253664238583 10.503124689863139 12.634683481669587 14.728276514844197 ; 0.12781923910739287 0.94484314034474559 1.7681958111055951 2.0155195364616922 2.2624564288875026 2.5889707546826970 2.9882592803126395 3.3726547525412633 3.7474132134916642 4.2232806947838215 4.6372700882190045 5.0226027847723058 5.4589947807588048 6.0126300057655246 6.7061522929624227 7.4805710124903424 9.2832345027141745 11.259509840778231 13.472077690265346 15.661281444241071 ; 0.094878715558365107 0.95339835318075150 1.8122654587050111 2.0649426698927127 2.3157562456966225 2.6445681941127295 3.0429235847113278 3.4310087186963782 3.8375388590452815 4.2922110816225407 4.7752875381719635 5.2302791204762453 5.7473887101280203 6.3851093170200963 7.1227104887018635 7.9366909303555433 9.8211765597900058 11.879081486529264 14.231309811976301 16.547661780673064 ; 0.060584623064161354 0.95158345267412303 1.8379274786091695 2.0988753958455169 2.3584081589289383 2.7005184570921843 3.1191569394655696 3.5225028729257275 3.9240877441101927 4.3995840218357793 4.9250723035102251 5.4822273519037541 6.1025533514372237 6.8003740251355165 7.5710867719375949 8.4105233781696125 10.335708822226989 12.424010866445069 14.949614892426233 17.425742062398665 ; 0.026929960853541726 0.94112135776324579 1.8501355990558312 2.1206423866070589 2.3908590897603172 2.7506561175093101 3.2027720304521980 3.6534563664417248 4.0739036934210731 4.5656959794623040 5.1271192143217545 5.7517752936330284 6.4410482786254111 7.1870225447969416 7.9945656826972593 8.8590535516626172 10.806023422652897 12.916329701067315 15.596504065826283 18.241527547833474 ; 0.00000000000000000 0.92198791162471150 1.8566700069095119 2.1385546066387509 2.4210964907260708 2.7991114053612072 3.2775082754899860 3.7620731226925272 4.2600359861122454 4.8011709511904899 5.4087315507769631 6.0858844021080669 6.8294087761958879 7.6237637675466337 8.4716200819855771 9.3660030610768494 11.335004047288241 13.475385683201171 16.313876474727621 19.162699467912802 ; 0.00000000000000000 0.91038657580766569 1.8604988338497972 2.1529380312322641 2.4467241694449013 2.8414406325375667 3.3474610854065885 3.8765397465425591 4.4406741393498566 5.0460925691674881 5.7084399762209568 6.4332347802100083 7.2218520020643036 8.0589461067537869 8.9444786856103224 9.8685575104767462 11.862471404959800 14.037759881912226 17.023963140467341 20.080075476608780 ]; % Fuel Properties engine.fuel = class_REVS_fuel('FTAG 25278'); % Idle Speed engine.idle_speed_radps = class_REVS_dynamic_lookup; engine.idle_speed_radps.axis_1.signal = 'veh_spd_mps'; engine.idle_speed_radps.axis_1.breakpoints = [ 0.00000000000000000 10.000000000000000 20.000000000000000 ]; engine.idle_speed_radps.table = [ 71.733032256966936 71.733032256966936 73.303828583761842 ]; % Pedal Calibration engine.pedal_map_type = enum_engine_pedal_map_type.max_engine_power; % Calibration Adjustment Factors % -- None --