Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) Pollution

Timeline of Sulfur Dioxide National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)

History of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards for SO_x
Final Rule/Decision	Primary/ Secondary	Indicator ⁽¹⁾	Averaging Time	Level ⁽²⁾	Form
1971 36 FR 8186 Apr 30, 1971	Primary	SO₂	24-Hour	0.14 ppm	Not to be exceeded more than once per year
	Primary		Annual	0.03 ppm	Annual arithmetic average
	Secondary		3-Hour	0.5 ppm	Not to be exceeded more than once per year
	Secondary		Annual ⁽³⁾	0.02 ppm	Annual arithmetic average
1973 38 FR 25678 Sept 14, 1973	Secondary	Secondary 3-hour SO₂ standard retained, without revision; secondary annual SO₂ standard revoked.
1996 61 FR 25566 May 22, 1996	Primary	Existing primary SO₂ standards retained, without revision.
2010 75 FR 35520 Jun 22, 2010 ⁽⁴⁾	Primary	SO₂	1-hour	75 ppb	99th percentile, averaged over 3 years ⁽⁵⁾
2010 75 FR 35520 Jun 22, 2010 ⁽⁴⁾	Primary	Primary annual and 24-hour SO₂ standards revoked.
2012 77 FR 20218 April 3, 2012	Secondary	Existing secondary SO₂ standard (3-hour average) retained, without revision.
2019 84 FR 9866 March 18, 2019	Primary	Existing primary SO₂ standard retained, without revision.

⁽¹⁾SO₂ = sulfur dioxide

⁽²⁾ Units of measure are in parts per million (ppm) and parts per billion (ppb).

⁽³⁾The 1971 final rule also included a secondary 24-hour SO₂ standard of 0.1 ppm, maximum 24-hour concentration not to be exceeded more than once per year, as a guide to be used in assessing implementation plans to achieve the annual standard.

⁽⁴⁾The 1-hour SO₂ standard established in 2010 is a primary standard.

⁽⁵⁾The form of the 1-hour standard is the 3-year average of the 99th percentile of the yearly distribution of 1-hour daily maximum SO₂ concentrations.

Learn more about setting and reviewing standards to control SO₂ pollution.