An official website of the United States government.

This is not the current EPA website. To navigate to the current EPA website, please go to www.epa.gov. This website is historical material reflecting the EPA website as it existed on January 19, 2021. This website is no longer updated and links to external websites and some internal pages may not work. More information »

Ground-level Ozone Pollution

Contact Us

Control Techniques Guidelines and Alternative Control Techniques Documents for Reducing Ozone-Causing Emissions

Control Techniques Guidelines (CTGs) are used to presumptively define VOC RACT while Alternative Control Techniques (ACTs) describe available control technologies and their respective cost effectiveness.

Pollutant EPA Report Description
Control Techniques Guidelines (CTG)
VOC EPA-450/R-75-102
1975/11		 Design Criteria for Stage I Vapor Control Systems – Gasoline Service Stations (PDF 15 pp, 766KB)
Note – This document is regarded as a CTG although it was never published with an EPA document number.
VOC EPA-450/2-76-028
1976/11		 Control of Volatile Organic Emissions from Existing Stationary Sources – Volume I: Control Methods for Surface Coating Operations (PDF 174 pp, 4.6MB)
Note – Although often listed with the CTGs for historical reasons, this document does not define RACT for any source. It is a compilation of control techniques.
VOC EPA-450/2-77-008
1977/05		 Control of Volatile Organic Emissions from Existing Stationary Sources – Volume II: Surface Coating of Cans, Coils, Paper, Fabrics, Automobiles, and Light-Duty Trucks (PDF 232 pp, 2.7MB)
VOC EPA-450/2-77-022
1977/11		 Control of Volatile Organic Emissions from Solvent Metal Cleaning (PDF 229 pp, 7.0MB)
VOC EPA-450/2-77-025
1977/10		 Control of Refinery Vacuum Producing Systems, Wastewater Separators, and Process Unit Turnarounds (PDF 50 pp, 1.3MB)
VOC EPA-450/2-77-026
1977/10		 Control of Hydrocarbons from Tank Truck Gasoline Loading Terminals (PDF 62 pp, 1.6MB)
VOC EPA-450/2-77-032
1977/12		 Control of Volatile Organic Emissions from Existing Stationary Sources – Volume III: Surface Coating of Metal Furniture (PDF 66 pp, 1.9MB)
VOC EPA-450/2-77-033
1977/12		 Control of Volatile Organic Emissions from Existing Stationary Sources – Volume IV: Surface Coating of Insulation of Magnet Wire (PDF 44 pp, 1.1MB)
VOC EPA-450/2-77-034
1977/12		 Control of Volatile Organic Emissions from Existing Stationary Sources – Volume V: Surface Coating of Large Appliances (PDF 70 pp, 2.1MB)
VOC EPA-450/2-77-035
1977/12		 Control of Volatile Organic Emissions from Bulk Gasoline Plants (PDF 49 pp, 1.3MB)
VOC EPA-450/2-77-036
1977/12		 Control of Volatile Organic Emissions from Storage of Petroleum Liquids in Fixed-Roof Tanks (PDF 43 pp, 1.1MB)
VOC EPA-450/2-77-037
1977/12		 Control of Volatile Organic Emissions from Use of Cutback Asphalt (PDF 18 pp, 481KB)
VOC EPA-450/2-78-022
1978/05		 Control Techniques for Volatile Organic Emissions from Stationary Sources (PDF 580 pp, 21.9MB)
Note – This document is often listed with CTGs, but it does not define RACT for any particular source
VOC EPA-450/2-78-015
1978/06		 Control of Volatile Organic Emissions from Existing Stationary Sources – Volume VI: Surface Coating of Miscellaneous Metal Parts and Products (PDF 82 pp, 2.6MB)
VOC EPA-450/2-78-032
1978/06		 Control of Volatile Organic Emissions from Existing Stationary Sources – Volume VII: Factory Surface Coating of Flat Wood Paneling (PDF 66 pp, 2.0MB)
VOC EPA-450/2-78-036
1978/06		 Control of Volatile Organic Compound Leaks from Petroleum Refinery Equipment (PDF 78 pp, 6.0MB)
VOC EPA-450/2-78-029
1978/12		 Control of Volatile Organic Emissions from Manufacture of Synthesized Pharmaceutical Products (PDF 134 pp, 3.8MB)
VOC EPA-450/2-78-030
1978/12		 Control of Volatile Organic Emissions from Manufacture of Pneumatic Rubber Tires (PDF 72 pp, 1.6MB)
VOC EPA-450/2-78-033
1978/12		 Control of Volatile Organic Emissions from Existing Stationary Sources – Volume VIII: Graphic Arts-Rotogravure and Flexography (PDF 64 pp, 1.9MB)
VOC EPA-450/2-78-047
1978/12		 Control of Volatile Organic Emissions from Petroleum Liquid Storage in External Floating Roof Tanks (PDF 66 pp, 2.0MB)
VOC EPA-450/2-78-050
1978/12		 Control of Volatile Organic Emissions from Perchloroethylene Dry Cleaning Systems (PDF 76 pp, 2.5MB)
Note – Perchloroethylene has been exempted as a VOC, so this CTG is no longer relevant. However, there is a MACT standard for perchloroethylene dry cleaners.
VOC EPA-450/2-78-051
1978/12		 Control of Volatile Organic Compound Leaks from Gasoline Tank Trucks and Vapor Collection Systems (PDF 32 pp, 887KB)
VOC EPA-450/3-82-009
1982/09		 Control of Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Large Petroleum Dry Cleaners (PDF 174 pp, 5.0MB)
VOC EPA-450/3-83-008
1983/11		 Control of Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Manufacture of High-Density Polyethylene, Polypropylene, and Polystyrene Resins (PDF 308 pp, 14.0MB)
VOC EPA-450/3-83-007
1983/12		 Control of Volatile Organic Compound Equipment Leaks from Natural Gas/Gasoline Processing Plants (PDF 194 pp, 6.3MB)
VOC EPA-450/3-83-006
1984/03		 Control of Volatile Organic Compound Leaks from Synthetic Organic Chemical Polymer and Resin Manufacturing Equipment (PDF 148 pp, 6.2MB)
VOC EPA-450/3-84-015
1984/12		 Control of Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Air Oxidation Processes in Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (PDF 259 pp, 9.4MB)
VOC EPA-450/4-91-031
1993/08		 Control of Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Reactor Processes and Distillation Operations in Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (PDF 277 pp, 8.7MB)
VOC EPA-453/R-96-007
1996/04		 Control of Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Wood Furniture Manufacturing Operations (PDF 288 pp, 13.8MB)
Note – Wood Furniture (CTG-MACT) – Draft MACT out 5-1994; Final CTG issued 4-1996. See also 61 FR-25223, May 20, 1996 and 61 FR-50823, September 27, 1996.
VOC EPA-453/R-94-032
1994/04		 Alternative Control Technology Document – Surface Coating Operations at Shipbuilding and Ship Repair Facilities (PDF 217 pp, 9.8MB)
Note – For CTG, see 61 FR-44050, August 27,1996
VOC 61 FR-44050 8/27/96
1996/08		 Control Techniques Guidelines for Shipbuilding and Ship Repair Operations (Surface Coating) (PDF 30 pp, 4.0MB)
Note – See also EPA-453/R-94-032.
VOC 59 FR-29216 6/06/94
1994/06		 Aerospace MACT (PDF 37 pp, 6MB)
Note – See also EPA-453/R-97-004.
VOC EPA-453/R-97-004
1997/12		 Aerospace (CTG & MACT) (PDF 62 pp, 288KB)
Note – See also 59 FR-29216, June 6, 1994.
VOC EPA-453/R-06-001
2006/09		 Control Techniques Guidelines for Industrial Cleaning Solvents (PDF 290 pp, 7.6MB)
VOC EPA-453/R-06-002
2006/09		 Control Techniques Guidelines for Offset Lithographic Printing and Letterpress Printing (PDF 52 pp, 349KB)
VOC EPA-453/R-06-003
2006/09		 Control Techniques Guidelines for Flexible Package Printing (PDF 33 pp, 216KB)
VOC EPA-453/R-06-004
2006/09		 Control Techniques Guidelines for Flat Wood Paneling Coatings (PDF 27 pp, 212KB)
VOC EPA 453/R-07-003
2007/09		 Control Techniques Guidelines for Paper, Film, and Foil Coatings (PDF 102 pp, 488KB)
VOC EPA 453/R-07-004
2007/09		 Control Techniques Guidelines for Large Appliance Coatings (PDF 44 pp, 374KB)
VOC EPA 453/R-07-005
2007/09		 Control Techniques Guidelines for Metal Furniture Coatings (PDF 100 pp, 293KB)
VOC EPA 453/R-08-003
2008/09		 Control Techniques Guidelines for Miscellaneous Metal and Plastic Parts Coatings (PDF 143 pp, 897KB)
VOC EPA 453/R-08-004
2008/09		 Control Techniques Guidelines for Fiberglass Boat Manufacturing Materials (PDF 41 pp, 336KB)
VOC EPA 453/R-08-005
2008/09		 Control Techniques Guidelines for Miscellaneous Industrial Adhesives (PDF 47 pp, 350KB)
VOC EPA 453/R-08-006
2008/09		 Control Techniques Guidelines for Automobile and Light-Duty Truck Assembly Coatings (PDF 44 pp, 2.64MB)
Note – See also EPA-453/R-08-002.
VOC EPA 453/R-08-002
2008/09		 Protocol for Determining the Daily Volatile Organic Compound Emission Rate of Automobile and Light-Duty Truck Primer-Surfacer and Topcoat Operations (PDF 129 pp, 450KB)
Note – See also EPA-453/R-08-006.
VOC EPA-453/B-16-001
2016/10		 Control Techniques Guidelines for the Oil and Natural Gas Industry (343 pp, 1.6 MB)
Alternative Control Technology (ACT)
VOC EPA-450/3-83-012
1983/05		 Control Techniques for Organic Emissions from Plywood Veneer Dryers (PDF 113 pp, 3.4MB)
Note – This document is labeled as a control technique document (CTD) rather than an ACT. However, the information is similar to that in an ACT.
VOC EPA-450/3-88-007
1988/08		 Reduction of Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from the Application of Traffic Markings (PDF 52 pp, 1.6MB)
Note – The Architectural and Industrial Maintenance coatings (AIM) national rule issued in 1998 includes limits for traffic coatings and superseded the ACT.
VOC EPA-450/3-89-007
1989/03		 Alternative Control Technology Document – Ethylene Oxide Sterilization / Fumigation Operations (PDF 102 pp, 3.2MB)
VOC EPA-450/3-89-030
1989/08		 Alternative Control Technology Document – Halogenated Solvent Cleaners (PDF 239 pp, 6.7MB)
VOC EPA-450/3-91-007
1990/12		 Alternative Control Technology Document – Organic Waste Process Vents (PDF 192 pp, 6.9MB)
VOC EPA-450/3-90-020
1990/09		 Control of VOC Emissions from Polystyrene Foam Manufacturing (PDF 113 pp, 3.5MB)
VOC EPA-453/R-92-017
1992/12		 Alternative Control Technology Document – Bakery Ovens (PDF 126 pp, 1.2MB)
VOC EPA-453/R-92-018
1992/12		 Control Techniques for Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Stationary Sources (PDF 287 pp, 9.2MB)
VOC EPA-453/D-93-056
1992/09		 Control of Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Industrial Wastewater CTG (draft) (PDF 234 pp, 9.4MB)
Note – CTG not finalized but issued as ACT in 1994.
VOC (No Report ID)
1994/04		 Industrial Wastewater Alternative Control Technology (PDF 266 pp, 9MB)
Note – ACT consists of cover memo with option tables + CTG (draft) EPA-453/D-93-056.
VOC EPA-453/R-92-011
1993/03		 Control of VOC Emissions from the Application of Agricultural Pesticides (PDF 250 pp, 9.8MB)
VOC EPA-453/R-94-001
1994/01		 Alternative Control Techniques Document – Volatile Organic Liquid Storage In Floating and Fixed Roof Tanks (PDF 202 pp, 8.6MB)
VOC EPA-453/R-93-020
1994/02		 Control of Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Batch Processes ACT (PDF 377 pp, 11.9MB)
Note – Document also released under the Report ID of EPA-453/R-93-017.
VOC EPA-453/R-94-015
1994/02		 Alternative Control Techniques Document – Industrial Cleaning Solvents (PDF 234 pp, 10.6MB)
VOC EPA-453/R-94-017
1994/02		 Alternative Control Techniques Document – Surface Coating of Automotive/Transportation and Business Machine Plastic Parts (PDF 207 pp, 6.3MB)
VOC EPA-453/R-94-031
1994/04		 Alternative Control Techniques Document – Automobile Refinishing (PDF 90 pp, 3.6MB)
Note – A national rule for autobody refinishing was issued in 1998 after the ACT.
VOC/PM EPA-453/R-94-032
1994/04		 Alternative Control Techniques Document – Surface Coating Operations at Shipbuilding and Ship Repair Facilities (PDF 217 pp, 9.0MB)
Note – This was superseded by the Ship Building CTG which was issued in August 1996.
VOC EPA-453/D-95-001
1993/09		 Control of Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Offset Lithographic Printing (PDF 246 pp, 8.6MB)
Note – Draft CTG predecessor to the ACT released under the Report ID of EPA-453/R-94-054.
VOC EPA-453/R-94-054
1994/06		 Alternative Control Techniques Document: Offset Lithographic Printing – Supplemental Information Based on Public Comment on Draft Control Techniques Guidance announced in Federal Register November 8, 1993 (PDF 25 pp, 57KB)
Note – See draft CTG (EPA-453/D-95-001) September 1993.
NOx EPA-453/3-91-026
1991/12		 NOx Emissions from Nitric and Adipic Acid Manufacturing Plants (PDF 146 pp, 312KB)
NOx EPA-453/R-93-007
1993/01		 NOx Emissions from Stationary Combustion Turbines (PDF 399 pp, 1.2MB)
NOx EPA-453/R-93-034
1993/09		 NOx Emissions from Process Heaters (PDF 216 pp, 8.5MB)
Note – Revised September 1993.
NOx EPA-453/R-93-032
1993/07		 NOx Emissions from Stationary Internal Combustion Engines (PDF 340 pp, 13.3MB)
Note – Updated September 2000.
NOx EPA-453/R-94-004
1994/03		 NOx Emissions from Cement Manufacturing (PDF 198 pp, 624KB)
Note – Updated September 2000.   See document EPA-457/R-00-002.
NOx EPA-457/R-00-002
2000/09		 NOx Control Technologies for the Cement Industry: Final Report (PDF 123 pp, 1.09MB)
Note – Update to March 1994 ACT document EPA-453/R-94-004.
NOx EPA-453/R-94-022
1994/03		 NOx Emissions from Industrial, Commercial & Institutional Boilers (PDF 479 pp, 18.8MB)
NOx EPA-453/R-94-023
1994/03		 Alternative Control Techniques Document – NOx Emissions from Utility Boilers (PDF 538 pp, 18.8MB)
NOx EPA-453/R-94-037
1994/06		 Alternative Control Techniques Document – NOx Emissions from Glass Manufacturing (PDF 161 pp, 4.2MB)
NOx EPA 453/R-94-065
1994/09		 Alternative Control Techniques Document – NOx Emissions from Iron and Steel Mills (PDF 170 pp, 7.9MB)
VOC EPA-450/3-88-009
1988/10		 Reduction of Volatile Organic Compound Emissions from Automobile Refinishing (PDF 112 pp, 896KB)
Other Control Technology Documents
SOx EPA-450/2-77-019
1977/09		 Final Guideline Document: Control of Sulfuric Acid Mist Emissions from Existing Sulfuric Acid Production Units (PDF 188 pp, 5.3MB)
NOx EPA-450/1-78-001
1978/01		 Control Techniques for Nitrogen Oxides Emissions from Stationary Sources – Second Edition (PDF 396 pp, 14.0MB)
Note – This document is the second edition of the EPA document entitled: Control Techniques for Nitrogen Oxides Emissions from Stationary Sources. This document was first published in 1970 as National Air Pollution Control Administration Publication No. AP-67.
VOC EPA-450/2-78-022
1978/05		 Control Techniques for Volatile Organic Emissions from Stationary Sources (PDF 580 pp, 21.9MB)
VOC EPA-453/R-95-010
1996/04		 Beyond Volatile Organic Compound-Reasonably Available Control Technology – Control Technology Guidelines Requirements (PDF 442 pp, 10.6MB)
VOC
EPA-453/R-97-002
1997/09
 A Guide to the Wood Furniture CTG and NESHAP (PDF 177 pp, 8.5 MB)
VOC
EPA-453/R-00-004
1998/09
 Preliminary Industry Characterization:  Wood Building Products Surface Coating (PDF 50 pp, 1.8 MB)

Contact Us to ask a question, provide feedback, or report a problem.

Ozone Pollution