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Superfund Redevelopment Initiative

Superfund Sites in Reuse in South Carolina

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Burlington Industries Cheraw

The Burlington Industries Cheraw Superfund site is located in Cheraw, South Carolina. Textile manufacturing facilities have been active on site since the 1960s. Facility operations contaminated groundwater, sediment, soil and surface water. EPA placed the site on the National Priorities List (NPL) in 2018. Site investigations and cleanup are ongoing. An active textile manufacturing plant is located on site, and the site is in continued commercial, residential and recreational use. On-site wetlands and a river support ecological uses.
Last updated September 2019

As of December 2019, EPA had data on 7 on-site businesses. These businesses employed 468 people and generated an estimated $39,409,000 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.

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Calhoun Park Area Core Infrastructure Reuse

The Calhoun Park Area Superfund site is located on the east side of the Charleston peninsula in Charleston, South Carolina. A manufactured gas plant (MGP) operated on site. The heating process, used at the MGP to separate the flammable gas from coal or oil, produced liquid coal tar waste. In 1991, EPA and state investigations found that MGP plant operations had contaminated soil, sediment and groundwater. EPA, the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (SCDHEC) and the site’s potentially responsible party worked together to clean up the site. The cleanup protected public health and the environment while also making redevelopment possible. Cleanup included removal of contaminated soil, in situ chemical oxidation groundwater treatment and sediment capping in the Cooper River, as well as non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) removal on the SCE&G substation property and groundwater monitoring. Phytoremediation has also been used to remove contaminants from site groundwater. Stakeholder cooperation resulted in the successful redevelopment of the site and the entire shoreline. Today, the area is home to a 1,100-space city parking garage, two housing developments, including affordable housing for seniors, and open green space for community events. The South Carolina Aquarium, commercial buildings, the Fort Sumter Visitor Education Center and ferry terminal are also located on site. Dominion Energy South Carolina, Inc. acquired the site’s potentially responsible party, South Carolina Electric & Gas, in 2019 and currently owns and operates the electrical substation at the site. It provides electricity to most of downtown Charleston. In 2012, EPA Region 4 recognized site reuses with its Excellence in Site Reuse award.
Last updated July 2020

As of December 2019, EPA had data on 30 on-site businesses. These businesses employed 206 people and generated an estimated $35,573,726 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.

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Golden Strip Septic Tank Service Athletic Fields Reuse Capped Site Reuse

The Golden Strip Septic Tank Superfund site is located on a 55-acre parcel near Simpsonville, South Carolina. An industrial/septic waste hauling and disposal service operated on site from 1960 to 1975. During that time, wastes discharged into five lagoons, contaminating surrounding soils. In 1987, EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL). EPA's remedy, selected in 1991, included digging up and stabilizing contaminated soil and sludge in an on-site landfill. In 1996, parties capped the landfill with clean soil and a vegetative cover. In 1998, EPA took the site off the NPL. Restrictions limit land and groundwater use in the area. The Golden Strip YMCA bought the site property in 2002 and began redeveloping the area as a multi-use recreation complex. Today, the Hollingsworth Outdoor Center is used for hands-on living history activities, summer day camps and special events.
Last updated September 2019

As of December 2019, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.

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Henry's Knob Pollinator Habitat Reuse

The 185-acre Henry’s Knob site is located near the intersection of Highway 55 and Henry’s Knob Road in Clover, York County, South Carolina. An open-pit kyanite mine operated on site from 1947 to 1970. Cleanup is ongoing. Innovative cleanup of part of the site has made possible ecological restoration and the creation of pollinator habitat on site. After the mine’s closure, about 1.4 million cubic yards of mine tailings were left behind in several ponds. These tailings interact with precipitation and release contaminants into the groundwater. To address this, the responsible party (ABB, Inc.) worked with EPA and the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control to develop a soil amendment. When placed over the tailings, the amendment produces a thick vegetative layer to help manage precipitation. The Superfund site team helped the responsible party select a seed mix that would support pollinators. Native vegetation and pollinator habitat are now well established on several large portions of the site. In May 2018, EPA Region 4 recognized ABB, Inc.’s innovative approach toward the site’s cleanup with its Excellence in Site Reuse award.
Last updated September 2019

As of December 2019, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.

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Independent Nail Co. Capped Site Reuse

The Independent Nail Company Superfund site is located in Beaufort, South Carolina. The original owner of the property, the D. Blake and Johnson Company, began manufacturing metallic screws and fasteners in 1969. From 1969 to 1980, the facility disposed of process wastewater containing cyanide, chromium and other wastes in an on-site lagoon. Each day, the company discharged about 33,000 gallons of plating wastewater into this lagoon. A 1975 study by the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control found that a break in the side of the lagoon allowed wastewater to enter a nearby drainage ditch. Site investigations in the mid-1970s verified soil and groundwater contamination. In April 1980, the D. Blake and Johnson Company ceased operations at the site. Two months later, Independent Nail purchased the plant and began paneling nail coating processes. In 1983, EPA placed the site on the National Priorities List (NPL). Cleanup activities included removal and treatment of contaminated soil and sediment, backfilling of cleared areas with treated soil, and capping and revegetation of the area. In 1988, EPA determined that the low level of contaminants in groundwater did not pose a risk to human health or the environment. EPA took the site off the NPL in 1995. Several commercial businesses are located in the former Independent Nail Company’s facility.
Last updated September 2019

As of December 2019, EPA had data on 3 on-site businesses. These businesses employed 13 people and generated an estimated $1,640,000 in annual sales revenue.. For additional information click here.

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Koppers Co., Inc. (Charleston Plant)

The 102-acre Koppers Co., Inc. (Charleston Plant) site is located in Charleston, South Carolina. From 1940 until 1978, the Koppers Company operated a wood treatment facility on 45 acres of the site. Facility operations contaminated groundwater, sediment, soil and surface water. EPA placed the site on the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1994. Cleanup activities included digging up and disposing of contaminated soil off site and placing a cap over contaminated soil on site. It also included rebuilding drainage ditches, capping contaminated sediment, and cleaning up tidal marshes. Some groundwater with contamination was stabilized. Groundwater and creosote are actively being recovered at two source areas on site. In 2018, EPA amended the selected remedy for the site. The amendment upgraded the completed cleanup based on future industrial use to permit mixed site uses, including residential use. A prospective purchaser signed a legal agreement with EPA for site redevelopment in 2019. Construction of the multi-use development is expected to start in 2020. Several Charleston city government facilities are located on site, including public service operations and a fire department training area. With EPA’s mission to protect human health and the environment in mind, EPA established the Superfund Task Force in May 2017 to provide recommendations for improving and expediting site cleanups and promoting redevelopment. Based on the Superfund Task Force recommendations, EPA identified the site as a Redevelopment Opportunity site – a site with the greatest expected redevelopment potential.
Last updated September 2019

As of December 2019, EPA had data on one on-site business. This business employed 50 people and generated an estimated $8,400,000 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.

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Macalloy Corporation Capped Site Reuse

A paper stock recycling business now operates on the SiteMacalloy CorporationThe 125-acre Macalloy Corporation Superfund site is located in North Charleston, South Carolina. From 1941 to 1998, operators produced ferrochrome alloy on site. Operations led to groundwater, soil and sediment contamination. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 2000. Cleanup activities included soil mixing as well as groundwater treatment and monitoring. Cleanup also involved sediment removal, tidal creek restoration and stormwater management. EPA and the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control worked with the potentially responsible party and a local developer to review plans for an industrial park on site. A paper stock recycler, a liquid sea container business and a container tank-cleaning business are the current tenants of the industrial park. EPA will continue to work with interested purchasers, tenants and developers to ensure the compatibility of future reuse activities with the site’s remedy.
Last updated September 2019

As of December 2019, EPA had data on 4 on-site businesses. These businesses employed 47 people and generated an estimated $9,765,000 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.

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Para-Chem Southern, Inc.

Lagoon 1, which has been backfilled and is currently being used as a tractor trailer parking lotPara-Chem Southern, Inc.The 134-acre Para-Chem Southern, Inc. Superfund site is located in Simpsonville, South Carolina. Para-Chem Southern (now Royal Adhesives & Sealants) has operated on site since 1965. The company produces acrylic polymers, thickeners, latex coatings and adhesives for consumer and industrial applications. In 1985, the company notified EPA and the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (SCDHEC) about areas where industrial plant waste burial took place between 1975 and 1979. Operators also discharged wastewater into two unlined ponds on site. Disposal practices and two 3,000-gallon spills led to the contamination of surface water, soil, sludge and groundwater. EPA placed the site on the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1990. Cleanup included removal of contaminated soil, drums and waste. Activities also included soil and groundwater treatment. Following cleanup, EPA took parts of the site off the NPL in 1997. Groundwater treatment and subsurface soil cleanup are ongoing. The manufacturing facility continues to operate on site.
Last updated September 2019

As of December 2019, EPA had data on one on-site business. This business employed 50 people and generated an estimated $67,633,000 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.

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Rock Hill Chemical Co. Capped Site Reuse

The 4.5-acre Rock Hill Chemical Co. Superfund site is located in Rock Hill, South Carolina. From 1960 to 1964, Rock Hill Chemical Company (RHCC), a paint solvent company, operated on site. RHCC accepted wastes and stored them in piles on the ground or buried them on site. In October 1964, a fire caused oil and chemical drums to explode, releasing their contents into the environment. First Federal Savings Bank began to construct a branch office on site in 1984 and discovered the contamination. In 1986 and 1987, First Federal Savings Bank and the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control removed contaminated soil from the site. After the cleanup, EPA determined that no further action for soil was necessary. In 1990, EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL). The site’s potentially responsible parties began operating a groundwater treatment system in 1995. Groundwater contamination remains within the site boundary. Several commercial businesses are active on site.
Last updated September 2019

As of December 2019, EPA had data on one on-site business. This business employed 3 people and generated an estimated $190,000 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.

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Sangamo Weston, Inc/Twelve-Mile Creek/Lake Hartwell PCB Contamination Capped Site Reuse

The Sangamo Weston, Inc./Twelve-Mile Creek/Lake Hartwell PCB Contamination Superfund site is located in Pickens, South Carolina. The 224-acre area includes a former manufacturing plant, six waste disposal areas, and a portion of Twelve-Mile Creek and Lake Hartwell. Sangamo Weston, Inc. owned and operated a capacitor manufacturing plant on site from 1955 to 1987. Waste handling practices resulted in contamination on site. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1990. Cleanup activities included removal and treatment of soil and groundwater, fish tissue and sediment monitoring, fish consumption guidelines, and a fish advisory public education and awareness program. Fish advisories remain in effect for fish caught from Lake Hartwell and Twelve-Mile Creek. After cleanup finished, EPA took parts of the site off the NPL. In a merger, Sangamo Weston became Schlumberger Technology Corporation. The company gave part of the site property to the city of Pickens (City) in 1999. The City redeveloped the area into a public recreation complex.
Last updated September 2019

As of December 2019, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.

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Townsend Saw Chain Co.

AMBAC International (formerly American Bosch), a manufacturer and supplier of fuel injection equipment, operates at the former Textron, Inc. facilityTownsend Saw Chain Co.The 50-acre Townsend Saw Chain Co. Superfund site is located near Pontiac, South Carolina. Starting in 1971, Textron operated a facility for manufacturing saw chain parts on site. From 1964 to 1981, operations discharged wastewater onto the ground in a low-lying area next to the facility. Improper waste disposal caused soil and groundwater contamination. EPA placed the site on the National Priorities List (NPL) in 1990. EPA’s cleanup actions included removal and disposal of contaminated soil as well as treatment of soil and groundwater. Groundwater monitoring is ongoing. Following cleanup, 36 acres of the site were sold for commercial development. A manufacturer and supplier of fuel injection equipment currently operates out of the former Townsend manufacturing facility. Other site reuses include a veterinary hospital, a kennel, a hotel, an auto-body shop, an industrial park, two retail stores, a gas station and restaurants. In 2009, EPA’s Superfund Redevelopment Initiative and Region 4 supported a regional seed project at the site. The regional seed project evaluated if the site met Sitewide Ready for Anticipated Reuse (SWRAU) criteria, and if not, steps needed for the site to meet SWRAU criteria and be nominated. In 2013, the site was found to meet SWRAU criteria.
Last updated September 2019

As of December 2019, EPA had data on 19 on-site businesses. These businesses employed 166 people and generated an estimated $24,408,988 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.

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