| Toxic chemical |
External concentration in medium Internal concentration in organism Biomarker |
Concentration-response or time-response relationships from controlled experiments or field observational studies; ecological process models. |
| Dissolved oxygen and oxygen-demanding contaminants (e.g., BOD, COD) |
Dissolved oxygen concentrations |
Concentration-response relationships from controlled experiments or field observational studies; ecological process models. |
| Suspended particles |
Suspended concentration (e.g., TSS) |
Concentration-response relationships from controlled experiments or field observational studies. |
| Settled particles (bed load) |
Degree of embeddedness, texture |
Embeddedness- or particle size-response relationships from controlled experiments or field observational studies. |
| Thermal energy |
Temperature |
Thermal tolerances from controlled experiments or field observational studies. |
| Mineral nutrients |
Dissolved concentration |
Concentration-response relationships from controlled experiments or field observational studies. Ecological process models of eutrophication. |
| Habitat |
Structural attributes |
Attribute-response relationships from field observational studies; ecological process models; habitat suitability models |
| Water withdrawal/drought |
Hydrograph and associated summary statistics (e.g., 7Q10) |
Field observational studies; in-stream flow process models. |
| Pathogen |
Presence or abundance of pathogen |
Controlled laboratory exposures or field observational studies relating pathogen presence with disease or symptoms |
| Non-indigenous invasive species |
Presence or abundance of the species |
Ecological process models (food web, energetic, predator-prey, etc.) or field observational studies. |
| Effluent |
Dilution of effluent |
Effluent dilution - response in the laboratory (e.g., WET) |
| Contaminated ambient media |
Location and time of collection |
Analysis of medium - lab or in situ tests using the medium. |
